RESUMO
Introduction: Cholelithiasis is a disease which is becoming quite prevalent in the society. Recent years have seen a dramatic change in the population afflicted by this disease along with its presentation. Changes in dietary habits with westernization of diet, sedentary life style and craving for fast food have resulted in a large number of female population belonging to younger age group [20-40 years] affected by gallstones
Objectives: To define the prevalence of gall stone disease in young female population, to highlight the importance of dietary factors and to define the role of lipid abnormalities
Study Design: Cross -sectional study
Place and Duration of Study: Surgical department of Allied Hospital, Faisalabad Medical University [FMU], Faisalabad from 20-6-17 to 20-10-17
Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients and 30 controls were included in the study. Data was collected by a literature-based questionnaire regarding type of diet. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were assayed by kit method. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using a SPSS version 17
Results: Results showed mean value for age 35.01 +/- 5.437 standard deviation. Out of 50 patients, 19 females were in the range of 25-35years [38.0 %] and 31 were in 36-45 years of age [62.0 %]. Out of 50 patients 16[32%] gave history of eating fast and fried food whereas 34[68%] patients never had taken any such food. Patients consuming soft drinks were 28[56%] and non-consumer patients were 22[44%].Patients having increased cholesterol were 7[14%].Normal level was observed in 43[86%] patients. Increased triglyceride level was found in 28[56%] while normal level in 22[44%] patients
Conclusion: The results indicated that the incidence of gallstones is increasing in younger females even up to 25 years. There is strong association of the disease with increasing age and junk food. No association was found with soft drink consumption. Also, no correlation was found with increased cholesterol and triglycerides
RESUMO
The undertaken research was initiated by transforming 2-[l-Indol-3-yl]acetic acid [1] in catalytic amount of sulfuric acid and ethanol to ethyl 2-[l-Indol-3-yl]acetate [2], which was then reacted with hydrazine monohydrate in methanol to form 2-[l-Indol-3-yl]acetohydrazide [3]. Further, The reaction scheme was designed into two pathways where, first pathway involved The reaction of 3 with substituted aromatic aldehydes [4a-o] in methanol with few drops of glacial acetic acid to generate 2-[l-Indol-3-yl]-AD-[[un]substitutedphenylmethylidene]acetohydrazides [5a-o] and in second pathway 3 was reacted with acyl halides [6a-e] in basic aqueous medium [pH 9-10] to afford 2-[l-Indol-3-yl]-AD-[[un]substitutedbenzoyl/2-thienylcarbonyl]acetohydrazides [7a-e]. All The synthesized derivatives were characterized by IR, EI-MS and !H-NMR spectral techniques and evaluated for their anti-bacterial potentials against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains and it was found that compounds 7a-d exhibited antibacterial activities very close to standard Ciprofloxacin. The synthesized derivatives demonstrated moderate to weak anti-enzymatic potential against oc-Glucosidase and Butyrylcholinesterase [BChE] where, compounds 7c and 5c exhibited comparatively better inhibition against these enzymes respectively. Compounds 7a, 7d and 7e showed excellent anti-enzymatic potentials against Lipoxygenase [LOX] and their IC[5]o values were much lower than the reference standard Baicalein. Enzyme inhibitory activities were also supported by computational docking results. Compounds 5c, 7a, 7b and 7c also showed low values of % hemolytic activity as well, showing that these molecules were not toxic, indicating that these molecules can be utilized as potential therapeutic agents against inflammatory ailments